When your legs hurt...
What is ischemic disease of the lower limbs?
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of ischemic disease of the lower limbs (IDLL). It leads to the narrowing and eventual blockage of the lumen of the arteries. Behind the site of narrowing or blockage, ischemia occurs, resulting in a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the tissue.
It is a long-term process in which fatty substances, primarily cholesterol, accumulate in the walls of the arteries, leading to the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. A blood clot (thrombus) can form on the uneven surface of the plaque. Under unfavorable conditions, the plaque or thrombus can completely block the artery.
What are the symptoms of ischemic disease of the lower limbs?
In the early stage, there are no symptoms at all. As the narrowing increases, pain in the muscles during walking occurs, forcing the patient to stop and rest (known as claudication or intermittent claudication). With further deterioration of blood flow, pain becomes persistent at rest or at night. Relief sometimes comes from hanging the limb over the edge of the bed. The most severe manifestation is severe ischemia, where the oxygen supply is absolutely insufficient, potentially leading to tissue death in the limb and the development of gangrene.
The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound (sonographic) examination, possibly followed by angiography (AG) or CT angiography (imaging X-ray examination).
What are the risk factors for the development of ischemic disease of the lower limbs?
- Smoking
- Not enough movement
- Obesity
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol levels
- Diabetes
How is ischemic disease of the lower limbs treated?
An essential part of treatment is an immediate change in lifestyle. Without the patient's effort, the disease can rapidly worsen despite otherwise successful treatment.
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of ischemic disease of the lower limbs (IDLL). It leads to the narrowing and eventual blockage...